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This anthology brings us a selection of texts about good government, written in Greek by pagan philosophers (Jamblicus, Sopatros, Themistius) and a Christian theologian (Eusebius of Caesarea) in the 4th century, a crucial time for the Roman Empire and a period of transition between the Greco-Roman world and the beginnings of Medieval civilisations (Latin, Byzantine and Arab). Most of these texts are translated for the first time into a modern language (Jamblicus, Sopatros) or for the first time into French (Themistius). The accompanying introductions and notes place the texts in the context of their times, in their rapports with each other, revealing their roots in the political philosophy of Antiquity. The selection permits us to observe different schools of thought about what good government may be on what makes a good king on the moral and intellectual qualities, the responsibilities and the functions of the best rulers on the meaning of politics.