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After drawing up a list of the different Buddhist currents present in France today, the author situates them in the more general framework of the development of Buddhism and in the cultural and historical context of the countries where they first emerged. He analyses successively the teaching elaborated throughout history in ancient Buddhism in the « Greater Vehicule » and in major Tibetan schools. Thus he presents a vast panorama, where we clearly perceive the links that join Zen and Dzogchen, for example, to the one who was « Venerated by the world », the most highly Enlightened: Buddha. This methodic presentation of the evolution of Buddhism and its methods of acculturation gives the Western reader the essential keys to understand the great traditions, and never lose sight of the bonds that unites them in spite of their diversity and apparently conflicting teaching. Also it puts Buddhism and Christianity, both presented as ways to freedom, into perspective.