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Does the old testament book ‘Song of Songs' - sometimes known as ‘Canticle of Canticles' - have a meaning? A ridiculous question if ever there was one, because rarely has such a short text given rise to such diverse interpretations of its meaning! Could it be that one of the major sources of this interpretational conflict resides in the question itself, in the meaning we give to the word ‘meaning'? In the light of modern hermeneutics, the author analyses exactly what the ‘meaning of a text' signifies, which leads him to distinguish between the notions of textual meaning, directional meaning and the framework within which the text exists. Then he reveals the Biblical hermeneutics of three Ancient thinkers (Origen, Guillaume de Saint-Thierry, John of the Cross) and three modern (A. Robert, O. Keel, G. Ravasi), examining the meaning given to the word ‘Canticle' throughout time, attempting to understand that evolution. In conclusion, he confronts and comments rationally the diverse meanings of three passages of Solomon's songs in hermeneutic practice. In doing this, he proposes a concrete way to express the various meanings of the Scriptures in today's language, neither opposing nor confusing them. This study will interest those who are seeking a theological interpretation of the Bible, searching for a possible synthesis between mystical exegesis and mysticism, especially by means of modern hermeneutics.