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Furthering his investigation into the Jewish roots of Christianity ( Enquête sur les racines Juives du mouvement Chrétien, 30-135) published in the same collection 'Initiations', the author takes up the question already posed by Constantine's contemporaries in the 4th century : how should we interpret the rapid expansion of the movement of Jesus of Nazareth's disciples? The concept of a 'mission' is put into question, for it was as foreign to the Judeo-Palestinian mentality as it was to the gentiles of the first century of our era. Jesus' disciples must be seen fundamentally as 'witnesses', to borrow an expression from the Epistle of Peter, and not as propagandists.