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Matthieu Smyth has undertaken a patient and systematic investigation of the available texts to find traces of liturgical practices before the Carolingian reform. Borrowing methods from archaeologists, he strives to piece together the fragments of a huge puzzle. He has sought out all the vestiges, re-uses and traces, scrutinizing them for the tiniest clues. He has identified, labelled, filed, to prepare the way for speculative reconstitutions. This book is a superb testimony to the prolific creativity of those old local Churches. Hesitant, as one always is when confronted with too few, too obscure sources, the author tempers his enthusiasm with rigour. What he brings to the reader is a mass of information, verified and organized, that will allow us enter further into the spirit of Christianity.