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Here we see Rome as it appears in the Jewish sources from the days of the Machabeans to the end of the pagan empire, at the beginning of the 4th century AD. The sources, of which a very small part present a purely historical character, put this book into the category of the history of mentalities. Contrary to fragmentary perceptions of the ‘visions of the defeated' that we find with other peoples, the Jewish vision of Rome comprises a triple dimension, political, moral and eschatological, in an original and coherent manner."